Dry skin is very common in many people and the loss of moisture causes the skin to crack. Sometimes the skin is just itchy and dry, without much redness, but at other times the dry areas may even result in dermatitis, i.e. the skin becomes red and itchy. In Australia, research has shown that 1/3 of children will be affected by atopic eczema by the time they are ten. There are many factors that contribute to dry skin:

• Inherited factors
• Metabolic factors (dry skin is more common in those with an under active thyroid, or with excessive weight loss, whatever its cause)
• Cool weather with low humidity; artificial environment (air conditioning, central heating, even sitting too close to a fire or fan)
• Excessive bathing, showering or swimming (especially in strongly chlorinated water)
• Contact with soap, detergents and solvents
• Frictional irritation and chapping.

An important aspect in the treatment of dry skin is to identify and tackle any contributing factors, such as those listed above. As a basic rule, it is wise to avoid soap as it can strip away the skin’s natural layer of protection, drying the skin even more and leaving it open to infection. Secondly, moisturise frequently and always immediately after bathing.